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Destroyer (English: Destroyer) is a multi-purpose warship. It is one of the important naval ships from the 1890s to the present. Modern destroyers are equipped with air defense, anti-submarine, and sea-to-sea weapons. They can serve in naval fleets. Offensive assault missions, and can undertake air defense and anti-submarine **** missions of combat formations, and can also serve as support forces in landing and anti-landing operations, as patrol, security, reconnaissance, maritime blockade and maritime rescue missions, and provide unmanned shipboard The take-off and landing of the aircraft is one of the medium-sized warships with strong assault power in the naval fleet. Its main responsibilities are **** as the core. At the same time, it has reconnaissance and patrol guards, mines, and attacks on shore targets. The wide range of combat functions makes the destroyer the most versatile ship among modern naval vessels. Representative: Zumwalt class destroyer, Type 055 destroyer.

Chinese name

Destroyer

Foreign name

Destroyer

nature

Medium surface ship

Appearance time

1890s

Function

Perform combat missions such as escort

More

Ship function

The destroyer is a medium-sized surface ship that can be equipped with weapons such as air, sea, submarine, and land attack, and has a certain comprehensive combat capability. The destroyer has a history of about 120 years since its birth in the 1890s and is one of the important naval ships. Its displacement ranges from 2000 to 12000 tons, and it is still gradually developing. The speed is usually about 28-33 knots (1 knot = 1 nautical mile/hour = 1.852 km/hour).

Modern destroyers can perform combat missions such as air defense, anti-submarine, anti-ship, ground attack, escort, reconnaissance, patrol, alert, mine-laying, fire support, and attack on shore targets, and they have the title of “maritime all-rounder”.

development path

Early

In the 1870s, a “torpedo boat” with torpedoes as the main weapon appeared in the navies of the European powers and mainly carried out lightning operations against large enemy ships. The speed is not fast, so it is more appropriate to translate it as “lightning strike ship”.) For this powerful small ship, the British built the “Hawerk” in 1893, which was designed as a “torpedo boat destroyer” “The warship, with a design speed of 26 knots, is equipped with one 76mm artillery and three 47mm artillery, which can catch enemy torpedo boats without difficulty at sea. In addition, the ship also carries a triple 450mm torpedo tube. Used to attack enemy ships. In addition to the British Navy, the German Navy has also developed similar warships, except that the British Navy calls it “destroyers” and the German Navy calls them “large torpedo boats.”

American Arleigh Burke class destroyer

As more destroyers entered service in the navies of various countries, the destroyers began to install heavier artillery and larger-caliber torpedo tubes, and used steam turbines as power. By the beginning of the 20th century, the British River-class destroyer had developed into a fleet-type destroyer that accompanied the main fleet in ocean operations. With the advancement of technology, the British tribal-class destroyer (1905) began to use fuel as fuel, and the speed increased to 30 knots for the first time. . The torpedo warship force composed entirely of destroyers has become the main backbone of the naval fleet. The destroyers not only shoulder the task of attacking enemy torpedo ships, but also are responsible for conducting torpedo attacks on the enemy fleet before the main ship’s decisive battle and weakening the enemy’s forces. Task.

Before the First World War, its characteristics can be summarized as: standard displacement of 1000-1300 tons, speed of 30-37 knots, steam turbine engine with fuel oil, 88-102 mm naval gun and 450-533 mm torpedo launcher 2 -3 seats. In fact, in essence, a destroyer is a large torpedo boat. Through the flames of World War I, the destroyer replaced the torpedo boat and became the main force of a kind of torpedo attack at sea, and “depelled” the torpedo boat in the sense of existence.

First world war

In World War I, destroyers carried torpedoes and mines, and frequently carried out fleet alert and escort, mine-laying operations and protection of supply lines. Some destroyers were also equipped with mine-sweeping tools as mine-sweeping ships, and were even directly used to support amphibious landing operations.

The first time that destroyers played a major role in a large-scale naval battle was the Helgoland Gulf naval battle between the British and German navies in 1914. The destroyers of the two armies served as the main fleet’s **** ships and completed the **** mission very well. In the Battle of Jutland, both sides dispatched the main force of the fleet, including a large number of destroyers. A large number of destroyers on both sides were thrown into the battlefield in squadrons, scattered on the vast ocean, and the fleet escorted and investigated diligently. The task of torpedo attack and rescue drowning sailors.

12 sheets

Destroyer

In 1917, Germany launched an unrestricted submarine war. Faced with the strangulation of communication lines by submarines, almost all destroyers of the Allies installed depth charges to perform anti-submarine missions. The technical performance of submarines at that time was far inferior to today’s submarines, and the speed was very slow and no more than 20 knots. The submarine depth was also small. At that time, destroyers were small and flexible, and generally had a speed of more than 30 knots. It was almost impossible for submarines to launch surprise attacks on destroyers, so they became an indispensable **** force for the merchant fleet.

With the development of war and the needs of missions, the destroyers of this period have already possessed multi-purpose, and gradually developed in the direction of large-scale, and the weapons equipped with them have become stronger and stronger. In 1916, Britain built the V-class destroyer and the subsequent W-class destroyer. The hull adopts a high freeboard design, which is more suitable for combat in the harsh ocean conditions. It is equipped with a 4-inch artillery and a triple 21-inch torpedo tube. It has both firepower and endurance. Great improvement. In 1917, the US Congress approved the proposal to build 111 Wicks-class destroyers and 162 Clemson-class destroyers for the Navy. So far, the destroyer has evolved from a small ship performing a single mission to an important force indispensable to the navy. With the development of the war, by the end of World War I, the destroyers have been greatly developed, and the tonnage, firepower, speed, and endurance have been greatly improved. In particular, the destroyers of the United States and Britain have developed to be able to accompany the fleet in the open sea. Fleet destroyer for ocean mobile operations. But the destroyer is not only in the tactics but also in the relevant painful period of change. The traditional concept of torpedo attack has been suspected in the battle of Jutland in 1916, which began a period of re-evaluation of torpedoes, and soon the navies of the victorious countries turned to the normal orbit of peace. After 1918, the world’s destroyers were rarely replaced, so the fleet was considerably weakened. At that time, all the destroyers in the world combined were fewer than before 1914. In order to maintain sufficient combat effectiveness, the improvement of the quality of destroyers is particularly important.

Scott-class destroyer after World War I (British 1918)

After the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty, due to the strict restrictions on the main battleships of the treaty, the navies of the great powers invested a lot of energy in the development of destroyers and cruisers that were less restricted by the treaty. The destroyers gradually developed in the direction of large-scale, and the tonnage increased. The larger the weapon, the stronger the weapon can be equipped. The main dimensions of the destroyer are constantly increasing. The standard displacement is more than 1500 tons, equipped with 150 mm-88 mm caliber artillery, 450-610 mm caliber triple or quintuple torpedo launching tube 1-2